Tuesday, December 31, 2024

The Best Films of 2024

25 - Grand Theft Hamlet (Pinny Grylls, Sam Crane)
Many people must have slipped into virtual worlds during the long days of lockdown, but few would have done so as productively as out-of-work actors Sam Crane and Mark Oosterveen. Spending their days driving around in Grand Theft Auto Online, the pair happened upon a theatre in the game, and began toying with the idea of staging Hamlet within it. Their initial attempts are funny to watch – it’s hard to perform a soliloquy when random strangers keep shooting at you – but slowly the idea takes hold, especially for Mark, who is finding the loneliness of lockdown harder to deal with than Sam. While Grand Theft Hamlet is consistently very amusing, often thanks to the incongruity of these bizarre-looking avatars reciting Shakespeare’s text, it eventually becomes something inspiring and truly involving, as a small group of GTA players band together to try and make this unlikely feat happen. You find yourself really rooting for them to make it work as they figure out the right place to stage each scene and try to get through it without being ‘wasted’ in some fashion or another – as they say in the theatre world, the show must go on, even if your lead actor has fallen off a blimp.

24 - Memories of a Burning Body (Antonella Sudasassi Furniss)
To make Memories of a Burning Body, Antonella Sudasassi Furniss sat down with three women in their 60s and 70s and spoke to them about their relationship to sex and sexuality, which was a taboo subject for most of their lives. She has compiled their testimonies into a single composite character, who we see as an elderly woman, a young woman and a girl, with Furniss slipping back and forth between different incarnations of this character as more memories are revealed. The time-shifts are handled with real elegance and flair, with the present often slipping into the past within the same set and with a single movement of the camera, and the original testimonies from the director’s interviewees, which we hear on the soundtrack, are frank and engaging. What emerges from this film is a portrait of womanhood that stretches far beyond the experiences of these three women; a portrait of frustrated desire, pain and loneliness, trapped in a patriarchal society when a woman is expected to be a wife and mother only. It’s a beautiful, touching and wonderfully imaginative film.

23 – Rumours (Guy Maddin, Evan Johnson, Galen Johnson)
It’s a Guy Maddin film, but not as we know it. Having spent decades recreating archaic cinema with a deliriously inventive energy and an offbeat sense of humour, it’s a shock to sit down in front of Rumours and see a film that just looks…normal? Thankfully, Maddin and his co-creators Evan and Galen Johnson have approached their political satire with the same weird sensibility that had defined films like The Forbidden Room and Stump the Guesser. As the G7 get lost in the woods at their annual summit and attempt to collectively draft a statement on an unspecified global crisis, they encounter zombified bog bodies who can’t stop masturbating, a giant brain the size of a hatchback, and an AI chatbot designed to ensnare paedophiles. Rumours gets increasingly silly but everyone involved plays it admirably straight, with the film being stolen by Denis Ménochet as the French President, who is obsessed with sundials, and Roy Dupuis as the hilariously strapping and square-jawed Canadian Prime Minister, who has both the German and British female leaders fanning themselves. Rumours is slipshod as satire and doesn’t hit the frenzied heights of Maddin’s earlier work, but it's on this list quite simply because it made me laugh loudly for two solid hours.

22 - Small Things Like These (Tim Mielants)
When the time comes to make lists of the year’s finest cinematic achievements, don’t overlook small films like these. This adaptation of Claire Keegan’s novel is a film that consists of quiet moments and tiny gestures, but they add up to something extremely powerful. It’s a portrait of Ireland in the 1980s, when the Catholic Church was all-powerful and touched almost every aspect of the people’s lives, and when unmarried women who had fallen pregnant had a very bleak future. The protagonist is Bill (Cillian Murphy), a coalman who is troubled by his conscience when he gets a glimpse into the mistreatment of one of these girls, but can Bill really stand up to an institution as formidable as the Church? His own girls’ education could be affected, with the school falling under the Church’s purview too, and the pressure to remain silent and avoid rocking the boat is immense. Cillian Murphy’s performance here is every bit as great as the one he gave in Oppenheimer last year; his eyes radiate quiet pain and empathy, and he makes every gesture count. In this context, a small act of kindness, such as one we see towards the end of the film, carries astonishing force.

21 - Red Rooms (Pascal Plante)
The most chilling performance of the year is given by Juliette Gariépy in Red Rooms. She plays a fashion model who has become fixated on a high-profile trial involving a man who raped and killed schoolgirls and broadcast his actions in online chatrooms. As Kelly-Anne, Gariépy conveys an icy disconnectedness; she seems to have lost all sense of empathy and has become completely desensitised to violence, with the lure of the forbidden promised by the dark web becoming increasingly hard to resist. Pascal Plante brings a similarly dispassionate approach to his direction, and the film does effectively get under the skin. I’m not entirely sure if it is a wholly successful film or not, but there’s no question that it is one of the films I have thought about most frequently since I saw it. What as the internet done to our minds? What effect does the repackaging of true crime as entertainment have on the way we relate to victims? I couldn’t help thinking about Red Rooms when I read about the shocking Gisèle Pelicot trial in France recently. This is the world we have created, and it’s horrifying.

20 - The Brutalist (Brady Corbet)
I wasn’t sure where The Brutalist would land on my list, but I knew it had to figure somewhere. It was simply too big (or “monumental,” as per the trailer) to ignore. In the film’s first half I was convinced that this was the film of the year. I was totally transfixed by the story Corbet was telling and by his bold, sweeping direction, not to mention the exceptional work from Adrien Brody, Allessandro Nivola and – best in show – Guy Pearce. After the interval, The Brutalist started to lose me and I ended up feeling disappointingly distant from it, but there were still astonishing moments peppered throughout this second act, and for a film with such a hefty running time, it’s never boring. The Brutalist is undoubtedly a considerable achievement. It looks incredible, the performances are mostly exceptional, and it has a sense of ambition that dwarfs every other film released this year. That wild ambition has been a hallmark of Brady Corbet’s filmmaking career to date, and in all cases I have admired his films rather than loved them, but The Brutalist is the closest his grasp has come to matching his reach, and I am looking forward to watching it again when that 70mm print returns to London in January.

19 - Dahomey (Mati Diop)
Dahomey is a documentary about the return of artefacts looted from the Kingdom of Dahomey (now the Republic of Benin) to their rightful home, and Diop approaches this subject matter in a variety of ways. Part of the film is an observational portrait of these statues getting carefully packed up and prepared for shipping, before being unveiled in an exhibition attended by many Beninese diginitaries, but she also gives us the perspective of one artefact – a statue of King Ghézo – as it discusses its removal from its homeland and its time in captivity in a Paris museum from the darkness of its crate. The low, rumbling voice given to this statue has a haunting quality. But the real meat of Dahomey lies in its climactic section, which consists of a debate among Beninese students about the real value of this repatriation – as one points out, 26 items have been returned, from a haul that contained thousands. Dahomey packs a lot into its relatively brief running time, but it never feels overdone and the questions posed by the film should provide food for thought for many museums around the world.

18 - La Chimera (Alice Rohrwacher)
There’s a real sense of magic in Alice Rohrwacher’s filmmaking, in the way she evokes a particular time and place and ties the past and the present together in such imaginative ways. The story of an archaeologist turned illegal tomb raider is the perfect material for her. We follow Arthur (Josh O’Connor) as he uses his gift for divination to identify where treasures are buried beneath the earth, but while his fellow bandits gleefully retrieve these artefacts and prepare them for sale on the black market, Arthur seems troubled by his actions and by his own memories. Shot with glorious richness and tactility by Hélène Louvart, La Chimera is a bewitching film that remains completely unpredictable and captivating from moment to moment, with Arthur’s behaviour getting more disconnected and unstable as he is drawn back into the past through the artefacts and glimpses of his lost love, who seems to be calling him from beyond the grave. As Rohrwacher has grown as a filmmaker her work has grown in ambition, richness and mystery, and La Chimera is another beautiful and dazzlingly imaginative achievement.

17 - Universal Language (Matthew Rankin)
Set in Winnipeg but filled with characters who speak Farsi, Universal Language feels pitched halfway between the worlds of Abbas Kiarostami and Guy Maddin – a combination that works better than you would ever imagine. Beyond the influence of these two directors, you might also think about Aki Kaurismäki, Wes Anderson or Roy Andersson as you watch the film, with Rankin’s deadpan comic style and frames that are carefully composed for symmetry and colour, but Rankin’s film has a style and tone that’s all its own. There are some great running gags here, such as the Stetson-wearing turkey salesman who loses his prized bird, a child’s attempts to get his hands on a tool that will allow him to retrieve money from the ice, or the tourist hotspots that include a briefcase that was forgotten and left on a park bench for years. Universal Language frequently made me laugh with surprise and delight, but towards the end of the film, Rankin unexpectedly finds a different emotional texture in a scene of shifting identities. It’s a strange and wonderful achievement in so many ways.

16 -  Hard Truths (Mike Leigh)
Mike Leigh’s return to the 21st century is – like Another Year, Happy-Go-Lucky and All or Nothing before it – a film about happiness and loneliness, asking why some people are content with what they have while others are trapped in their resentment and isolation. Marianne Jean-Baptiste’s performance as Pansy is an astounding piece of physical acting. Her entire body is clenched like a fist, as if she’s ready to fight anyone who crosses her path. There is some humour to be had in the film’s first half as Pansy spits insults at strangers and rants endlessly about the state of things, but gradually the humour subsides into sadness, as we see the toll her moods have taken on her family, and contrast her with the healthy familial relationships enjoyed by her sister Chantelle (the invaluable Michele Austin) and her two daughters. Leigh doesn’t seek to diagnose the source of Pansy’s pain, and there is no easy redemption or catharsis here, which makes the film all the more troubling and upsetting. In the most powerful moment, Pansy is asked by her sister why she is the way she is, and she can only quietly mutter, “I don’t know.”

15 - That They May Face the Rising Sun (Pat Collins)
It is hard to imagine a more perfect match of author and director than John McGahern and Pat Collins, whose films have been so rooted in Irish culture and identity. Having made films that blend documentary and fiction in the past, he makes the leap to narrative filmmaking here with great confidence, establishing a gentle pace and letting the film unfold in an elliptical manner, with the seasons passing and characters coming and going. A few of these characters make a vivid impression, notably Patrick, played by the outstanding Lalor Roddy, who has a habit of pushing people away before they can see his vulnerability, and the insights that Collins gives us into the frustrations and loneliness experienced by these characters are fleeting but piercing. That They May Face the Rising Sun is a film about appreciating the moments we have and the beauty that surrounds us, and Collins’ unhurried pace combined with his documentarian’s eye for natural splendour makes him the perfect filmmaker for a story where the stuff of life itself is the central character.

14 - Juror #2 (Clint Eastwood)
Given his propensity for shooting what’s on the page, the success or failure of Clint Eastwood films can often be tied to the strength of their screenplay, and Jonathan Abrams’ script for Juror #2 rests on a premise so cunning it’s amazing we haven’t seen it before. Nicholas Hoult is the juror who slowly begins to realise that he is the one responsible for the death of the woman that the defendant is on trial for killing, and this plunges him into a genuinely thorny moral quandary. Can he allow an innocent man to go to jail for life? Can he risk getting himself locked away, leaving his pregnant wife to raise their child alone? Clint Eastwood has spent much of his career considering questions of justice and he leaves so much room for ambiguity here with his economical direction, drawing a performance of subtle power from Hoult as a man faced with the ultimate question of whether he can or should do the right thing. Juror #2 is so efficiently made and skilfully acted, and it leaves the audience with so much to consider and discuss, it would have been nailed-on box-office hit and awards player not too long ago. The fact that a major Hollywood studio simply can’t be bothered to try and do anything with such a film today is a profoundly depressing state of affairs.

13 - His Three Daughters (Azazel Jacobs)
The latest film from Azazel Jacobs has a classical set-up, with three daughters coming together in the apartment where they grew up to care for their father, who doesn’t have long to live. As you might expect, the three women are very different in ways that lead them to clash: Katie (Carrie Coon) is the controlling one who has little patience for stoner Rachel (Natasha Lyonne) – the one who has been their father’s primary carer – while Christina (Elizabeth Olsen) is the optimistic one who just wants everyone to make peace and get along. What really elevates this beyond the generic is the specificity that Jacobs and his actors find in the writing and the performances. These feel like three real people who are all processing their grief in very different ways, and their arguments have genuine feeling behind them, with Jacobs using the confines of the single location brilliantly to generate tension, sadness and comedy in the encounters between the characters. As 90% of this film takes place in an apartment (except when Rachel escapes outside to smoke) it’s easy to imagine His Three Daughters working on stage, but in the last twenty minutes Jacobs takes a bold dramatic swing, leading to a single cut that is so potent.

12 - Soundtrack to a Coup d'Etat (Johan Grimonprez)
The tragic story of Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba has been told before, notably by Raoul Peck in his 1990 documentary Lumumba: Death of a Prophet, but Johan Grimonprez brilliantly weaves Lumumba into a sprawling geopolitical tapestry in Soundtrack to a Coup d’Etat. Assembled from an extraordinary wealth of archive footage, Soundtrack to a Coup d'Etat begins and ends with the 1961 UN Security Council protest led by Abbey Lincoln and Max Roach, and then he unfolds the whole grim story of how Belgium undermined the independence of their former colony with the support of the United States, who dispatched some of the greatest jazz musicians of the time to Africa to win hearts and minds while distracting from the political manoeuvres taking place in the shadows. Grimonprez packs an awful lot into this documentary – its 150 minutes are teeming with revelatory facts, images and quotes (all of which are cited with sources) – but the film never feels like an indigestible or overwhelming exposition dump. In fact, it’s utterly riveting, with Grimonprez brilliant cutting to the rhythm of the jazz soundtrack and creating a film that pulses with a real sense of urgency. As a feat of editing, research and storytelling, it’s hard to beat.

11 - Eephus (Carson Lund)
I don’t like or understand baseball and yet I’ve always loved baseball movies, because they always seem to tap into something greater than merely being a film about ‘America’s Pastime.’ This is a melancholy comedy about the passage of time, about community and about things coming to an end, and it all takes place on a baseball field over the course of a single afternoon. This pitch will soon be demolished to make way for a new school, and so the men who gather here regularly know that this game will be the last one they ever have. They’re not just losing their regular game, they’re losing a sense of connection and a reason to get out of the house and meet up with buddies every week, and as the hours slip away – the sun gradually disappearing to the point where play can’t continue – the sense of finality grows larger, with the players absolutely determined to complete this nine innings. First-time director Lund manages all of this with a relaxed ease but with a keen eye for character details and an ear for throwaway lines of dialogue: “Is there anything more beautiful than watching the sun set on a fat man stealing second base?”

10 - Look Into My Eyes (Lana Wilson)
I admit, I was sceptical. I settled on Look Into My Eyes merely to fill a gap in my festival schedule, and I spent much of the first third of the film chuckling at the eccentric characters presented to us in Lana Wilson’s film. This is a documentary about psychics, and it’s hard not to raise an eyebrow when you meet a medium who specialises in animals, with people paying her money to try and communicate with their pets. As Look Into My Eyes progressed, however, I found myself being deeply affected by some of the encounters that Wilson captures, and struck by the uncanny personal details that some of these psychics mysteriously pick up on. In interviews, the psychics seem as uncertain as anyone about where these powers come from and how genuine this gift is, but what’s clear from the film is that a deep need is being fulfilled here, not just for the people seeking answers, but for the psychics themselves, all of whom have some tragedy or trauma in their past that still affects them. I went in ready to mock, and I came out profoundly affected. Not many films pull that off.

9 - Anora (Sean Baker)
There’s a bracing energy about Anora that it’s almost impossible to resist being caught up in. The first part of the film expresses the excitement that Anora (the amazing Mikey Madison) feels when she stumbles into a fairytale relationship with Ivan (Mark Eidelstein), the son of Russian oligarch. She’s tasting the lifestyle of the 1% and securing her future, away from the daily grind of the strip club – the American Dream is hers for the taking. When reality hits in the shape of the heavies that Ivan’s parents send to anull this marriage, the film switches modes instantly, and the rest of the film has the nervy sensation that anything can happen. Watching Anora, I had the same giddy thrill that I get from watching Jonathan Demme’s Something Wild, with which it shares a taste for breakneck tonal shifts and a cast of characters who all draw the eye, and feel like people you’d happily follow off into their own movie. The standout for me is the increasingly exasperated Karren Karagulian as Toros, whose reaction to getting the news about Anora at a family christening is priceless, and who delivers lines like, “I don't have Instagram! I'm an adult, man.

8 - Henry Fonda for President (Alexander Horwath)
The title comes from a 1976 episode of Maude, a sitcom spinoff from All in the Family that starred Bea Arthur. This is one of the more unexpected clips to be found in Alexander Horwath’s essay film, which explores American history and culture through one of the most iconic of movie stars. Although Howarth digs into Fonda’s own biography, this is as much a film as much about what he represented as who he was. Fonda was the everyman and the ideal – a personification of dignity, honesty and justice – and Horwath’s film uses Fonda’s movies to look into wider issues of American politics and society, from HUAC to the movie-star president Reagan, whom Fonda clearly despised and perceptively saw as someone whose policies would ultimately lead to disaster. Henry Fonda for President runs for three hours, but it’s a completely engrossing film for the entire running time, with Horwath using well-chosen clips to make illuminating connections and compelling arguments throughout.

7 - A Different Man (Aaron Schimberg)
The Substance was one of the most talked-about films of 2024, but I wish as much attention had been paid to this picture, which touches on some similar ideas about self-image and the desire for change. Sebastian Stan begins the film hidden by prosthetics as Edward, a shy and unhappy man suffering from neurofibromatosis, and when a doctor suggests a new miracle cure that can eradicate his growths, he jumps at the opportunity. Reinventing himself as Guy, he is now living the life he always wanted, but the emergence of another neurofibromatosis sufferer named Oswald (Adam Pearson, brilliantly funny) sends his newfound confidence off-kilter and reminds him of the man he used to be. Schimberg’s brilliant conceit here is to make Oswald such an outgoing, charming bon-vivant; a man who has not let his condition hold him back in any way, and who lives life in an effortless manner that exposes Edward’s deep-rooted neuroses. A Different Man walks a tricky line of humour and empathy and never falters. It’s one of the year’s funniest movies, but it also has perceptive things to say about the way we see ourselves and how we choose to live our lives.

6 - Caught by the Tides (Jia Zhang-ke)
Over the course of the past two decades, Jia Zhang-ke has essentially been telling one story, the changing face of China in the 21st century, and in some ways Caught by the Tides feels like a culmination of that project. The film begins in 2001, around the time that Beijing was awarded the 2008 summer Olympics, and it ends in during the era of COVID-19, but what makes the film unique is the way Jia has constructed it, building a loose story out of footage that he shot over the year for other projects. What makes such a film possible is the fact that Zhao Tao is the mainstay of all of Jia’s films, and he she is at the heart of this one as a woman searching for her lost lover (played by another Jia favourite, Li Zhubin). Zhao has already proven herself to be the world’s finest actresses with her previous collaborations with her husband, but here Jia finds new way to showcase her gifts, by having the character be silent throughout the film and letting Zhao’s expressive eyes and body language carry the narrative. Seeing the passage of time play out in this way, with the actors visibly and naturally ageing over the course of the film, makes Caught by the Tides one of Jia’s most touching films.

5 - The Taste of Things (Tran Anh Hung)
One of my favourite moments in any film this year was the wide-eyed look of delight and happiness on the face of Pauline (Bonnie Chagneau-Ravoire) when she first bites into the baked Alaska that has been prepared by Eugénie (Juliette Binoche) in The Taste of Things. Tran Anh Hung’s film is about how making and serving food can be an act of love, and how important it is to indulge and appreciate these moments, because eating – like love – can be an ephemeral pleasure. Watching Binoche and Benoît Magimel work side-by-side in the kitchen preparing these dishes becomes a wholly involving experience. We are drawn in not only by the skill and knowledge that these characters possess – creating food we can almost smell and taste – but by the evident love and respect that exists between them. Cinematographer Jonathan Ricquebourg finds shots throughout the film that capture both the intricacy of their cooking and the bubbling chemistry between the actors, with a love story developing between Dodin and Eugénie that grows into something almost unbearably moving by the end.

4 - All We Imagine as Light (Payal Kapadia)
I had greatly admired A Night of Knowing Nothing, Payal Kapadia’s 2021 debut feature, and while All We Imagine as Light touches on similar themes, it feels like Kapadia is operating on a whole other level here. The film is captivating from its opening moments, with footage of the bustling streets of Mumbai playing under voices from people who came to the city to pursue their dreams; in a few moments Kapadia evokes the millions of melancholy narratives in this city, before she zeroes in on the three women who anchor her film. They all work at a Mumbai hospital: Prabha (Kani Kusruti) is a head nurse, whose husband has long been away working in Europe; Anu (Divya Prabha) is a younger, more romantic nurse who has just moved in with Prabha; and Parvaty (Chhaya Kadam) is a cook at the hospital who is being evicted from her home and doesn’t have the necessary papers to secure her position. Through these three generations of women, Kapadia explores loneliness, disconnection and desire. Her gaze is meditative and curious, and her film is filled with poetic, resonant moments.

3 - About Dry Grasses (Nuri Bilge Ceylan)

The protagonists in Nuri Bilge Ceylan’s films are frequently difficult people to like, and the prickly, egotistical Samet in About Dry Grasses is one of his most frustrating but intriguing creations. As played by the outstanding Deniz Celiloğlu, Samet is a schoolteacher in a small town who feels he is too good for this province and these people. Over the course of About Dry Grasses’ 197 minutes, Ceylan explores Samet’s misanthropy and selfishness through the key relationships in his life, notably Nuray (Merve Di̇zdar), a woman he gets set up with but has little real romantic interest in, until her attraction to his friend and colleague Kenan (Musab Ekici) triggers a competitiveness in him. As ever with Ceylan, About Dry Grasses unfolds in a series of long, discursive conversations, but the film never feels overly verbose or dragging because each of these characters feels so real and every scene is framed and lit so beautifully. It’s another stunningly crafted film from a master director, although a startling fourth-wall break in the picture’s third act suggests a filmmaker still willing to push himself in new directions.

2 - Scénarios / Presentation of the Trailer of a Film “Scénario” (Jean-Luc Godard)
Two films. The first runs for 18 minutes and the second for 34. Together they constitute the final statement of one of cinema’s supreme artists, who chose to end his life in 2022 shortly after finishing Scénarios. Made in a similar collage/scrapbook style to Phony Wars, the film continues Godard’s ceaseless consideration of the image and how we relate to the world through cinema, and there is something so affecting about hearing his croaky voice on the soundtrack knowing that he finished this film the day before he checked himself into a Swiss clinic. The second film, essentially a kind of behind-the-scenes documentary, shows Godard thinking through his project by cutting and pasting images into his notebook. It’s a true privilege to see this footage, and to spend just a few more minutes in the company of a man who never stopped trying to reimagine the possibilities of cinema until the very end. I found the whole experience overwhelmingly moving. "One more image at the end, which is meaningless."

1 - No Other Land (Basel Adra, Hamdan Ballal, Yuval Abraham and Rachel Szor)
No Other Land’s production was wrapped in October 2023, just as Hamas launched their attack on Israel, leading to a bombardment from Israel that has destroyed Gaza and killed tens of thousands of people. Over the course of the past year, countless politicians and media figures have referred to October 7th as the inciting incident that Israel had every right to defend itself against – they often make it sound like it was an unprovoked attack out of the blue – but by that time, the four Palestinian and Israeli filmmakers who collectively made No Other Land had been shooting for four years, and in the film Basel Adra recounts the decades of oppression that he and his family have experienced. This is a documentary about people who have long been second-class citizens in their own homeland, and have had their homes forcibly taken from them and destroyed so the Israeli occupiers can obtain more land and build more homes for settlers. We see families being pushed into living in caves, and at one point a school is torn down with the children and their teachers having fled the building just moments before. The inhumanity and cruelty is staggering and enraging. No Other Land is a film that has been made with great courage and empathy, and one wonders how anyone could fail to support the Palestinian cause after seeing the indefensible injustices being shown here. It’s the one 2024 film that I think every single person should see, but the film’s continued failure to secure distribution in the United States, despite its universal acclaim, is a disgrace, and very telling.

Monday, December 30, 2024

My Cinema Discoveries of 2024

Sometimes life gets in the way of watching movies, and this year it felt like that happened too often for my liking. Although I saw 119 older films in cinemas this year, which many would see as a very substantial total, I feel like a number of retrospectives and screenings passed me by due to me not having the time or focus to be able to fit them in. I’m hoping I’ll be able to breathe a little easier in 2025 and have more time to devote to discovering and revisiting films at repertory screenings, especially with the BFI’s Film on Film event – such a joy in 2023 – returning next summer.

Of the 119 rep screenings I did attend, 81 were projected from 35mm, with three on 16mm and one on 70mm. The 50 that most vividly lingered in my memory are listed below.

50 - Into the Night (John Landis, 1985) – Prince Charles Cinema, 35mm
This film came out a few months before Scorsese’s After Hours. Both pictures follow a similar template – an unassuming, frustrated man ventures into the city at night, meets a mysterious woman, and gets caught up in an increasingly bizarre nightmare – but while Scorsese sustained a tone of frenzied comic energy, Landis doesn’t do much of anything with this material. The story is barely coherent and the film has a tendency to meander when it should be racing, but there is some fun to be had in the eclectic cast that Landis enlisted, including two charming on-the-cusp-of-stardom leads in Jeff Goldblum and Michelle Pfieffer. This pair is backed by a supporting cast that includes David Bowie, Richard Farnsworth, Vera Miles and Bruce McGill, but Landis also populates the film with bizarre cameos from fellow directors – David Cronenberg, Jonathan Demme, Roger Vadim, Lawrence Kasdan, Paul Bartel and Don Siegel to name just a few. The film is tonally messy and only fitfully amusing, although perhaps we shouldn’t be surprised that Landis didn’t entirely seem to have his mind on the job, as his trial for involuntary manslaughter was taking place as he shot.

49 - The Street Singer (Jean de Marguenat, 1937) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
Arthur Tracy became a radio star in the 1930s as The Street Singer, and a number of films attempted to capitalise on his popularity, although his acting career never quite took off. He's a bit stiff as the stage star who leaves a rehearsal in his beggar's costume and is mistaken for a vagrant by the lovely Margaret Lockwood. In fact, Tracy is outshone by pretty much every actor here, with Arthur Riscoe on boisterous form as Lockwood's father, a conjurer and thief, and Emile Boreo delivering an eccentric turn as the frantic director counting down to curtain up with no leading man. The pianist team of Rawicz and Landauer impress with their synchronised performances, and this enjoyable film climaxes amusingly at a chaotic opening night where the revolving stage spins out of control.

48 - Love Object (Robert Parigi, 2003) – ICA, Digital
This creepy low-budget picture begins with an intriguing premise. Desmond Harrington is shy and awkward writer of technical manuals who purchases a lifelike sex doll named Nikki, whom he begins to style after his attractive co-worker Lia (Melissa Sagemiller). When he eventually does begin to develop a relationship with Lisa, the doll appears to develop jealous feelings and becomes a sinister and dominating presence in his life. The film is occasionally quite perceptive on the subject of objectification and there is a hint of Vertigo in Kenneth’s attempts to turn Lisa and the doll into facsimiles of one another, but mostly it plays best as a freaky tale that walks the line between awkward comedy and genuine horror, a line that it perhaps slips off a few times, particularly towards the end. Harrington and Sagemiller are both very good and there are great supporting turns from Rip Torn, as Kenneth’s boss, and Udo Kier, as his fatally nosy landlord.

47 - The Tamarind Seed (Blake Edwards, 1974) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
"This is a nice film," Julie Andrews said of The Tamarind Seed. "It's just right for my comeback." This was her first feature in four years and it’s not hard to see why she plumped for a film directed by her husband that required her to spend time on location in Barbados. It’s a lush romantic spy drama in which Andrews’ Home Office worker falls for Omar Sharif’s Soviet attaché, and the pair’s relationship becomes the focus for both the British and Russian authorities. Until the explosive finale, this is an unhurried picture that is more convincing and involving dealing with the romantic side of things than it is when engaging in the spycraft and attempting to generate thrills. A pleasure to watch, thanks to the two stars, Freddie Young’s excellent widescreen cinematography, and John Barry’s lush score.

46 - Murder in the Family (Albert Parker, 1938) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
Not really a whodunit, although it sets itself up as one, giving plenty of people a motive to do away with the dreadful Aunt Octavia (Annie Esmond), who is as rich as she is unpleasant. Albert Parker’s film shows us how she meets her end, but because nobody confesses to the crime, everybody in the family falls under suspicion. This quota quickie is a simple but effective story about a family trying to remain strong under intolerable pressure from the outside. Parker’s direction exhibits little flair, but the ensemble is strong and it boasts a couple of stars of the future – Roddy McDowall and Glynis Johns play two of the children, while Jessica Tandy is wonderful in her first major screen role. A striking beauty, she holds the attention with an unmistakable star quality, and it’s a shame she didn’t have a much bigger film career in these early years.

45 - Dance Pretty Lady (Anthony Asquith, 1931) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
This early sound film from Anthony Asquith began life as a film called The Soul of Jenny Pearl, and you can see hints of greatness within it, but it was a victim of studio interference. The butchered 65-minute version we have cuts a wildly different third act in which chorus girl Jenny (Ann Casson) marries a man who we never see in this edit and suffers through an abusive marriage. Asquith’s original ending sounded like a brutally sad one, but here we have her embracing her lover in a rushed and unsatisfying conclusion. Still, much of the film is beautifully composed, with Asquith showing the same eye for bold compositions and camera moves that he displayed in his silent films, and the use of sound is remarkably sophisticated and atmospheric. There’s also a terrific lead performance from the spirited Casson, who was 15 years old at the time of shooting. I’d love to see what she would have done with the dramatic scenes excised from this film.

44 - The Last Dawn (Michael Curtiz, 1917) – Lumiere-Mastroianni, Bologna, Digital
A film directed by Mihály Kertész, who later established himself as one of the great Hollywood directors under the name Michael Curtiz. This Hungarian silent feature is a study of despair and the value of life, beginning with a man being prevented from committing suicide, and subsequently following another character who takes out a life insurance policy with the intention of dying in exactly one year. For most of this film’s running time it’s a pretty nondescript affair, although Curtiz’s eye for framing shots is evident and he pulls off a couple of neat impressionistic tricks, but the culmination of the plot involves a bizarre twist ending and an absolutely hilarious reveal that makes it seem like Curtiz is foreshadowing David Fincher’s The Game.

43 - J'ai Tué (Roger Lion, 1924) – Lumiere-Mastroianni, Bologna, 35mm
The title translates as I Have Killed but that sets up false expectations for the picture, as the murder in question doesn’t occur until over an hour of the film has elapsed. The first two-thirds of the film focus on Hidéo (Sessue Hayakawa), a Japanese arts dealer who arrives in Paris after losing his studio in an earthquake, with archive footage of the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923 being cut in here as flashbacks. He moves in with Max Maxudian and Huguette Duflos, who accept him as part of the family, but he soon gets caught up in the affair that Duflos is carrying on behind her husband’s back, and it is this situation that eventually leads to Hidéo standing trial for a murder he did not commit. The film is not particularly gripping on the whole, but Sessue Hayakawa is a compelling screen presence, and every scene in which he appears instantly sparks with new life, not least when he leaps across the courtroom to confront his accuser.

42 - Forbidden (George King, 1949) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
This British drama is most notable for its depiction of Blackpool’s ‘Golden Mile’ in its heyday, with this bustling location acting as the atmospheric backdrop to a tale of romance, deception and murder. In his final feature film, Douglass Montgomery is the down-on-his-luck pharmacist working on a fairground stall who falls for a candy floss seller (the very engaging Hazel Court) but is stuck with a deeply unpleasant wife (Patricia Burke). He plots to get rid of her, and the film comes up with a neat little twist around this planned murder, which refreshes a familiar narrative. George King keeps things moving in a tight, no-fuss manner and the film builds to an almost Hitchcockian confrontation on Blackpool Tower, an exciting climax that leaves all of these breathless characters in need of a nice calming cup of tea.

41 - A Swordsman in the Twilight (Jeong Chang-Hwa, 1967) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
Known primarily for his work with Shaw Brothers, for whom he directed King Boxer in 1972, Jeong Chang-Hwa shows his elegant way with action in this modest but handsomely crafted picture. He makes much use of the iconography of his mysterious protagonist, who arrives with his face covered by a large hat before whipping out his sword to cut down assailants. Flashbacks gradually reveal the source of his grievance and the spur for his revenge against the cackling villain, who is distinguished by some quite magnificent eyebrows. The fight scenes are staged and executed with a classical sense of composition and sharp editing, and the film is beautifully photographed in black-and-white by Bae Seong-hak. There’s nothing hugely surprising of amazing about the film, it’s simply a very involving and well-crafted piece of work.

40 - Love 'em and Leave 'em (Frank Tuttle, 1926) – BFI Southbank, 16mm
When this film first appeared in the BFI programme I was sure I’d seen it before, but I was thinking of Why Be Good? from 1929, another department store comedy featuring Colleen Moore, who bears a striking resemblance to Louise Brooks. Although she has a supporting role in this film, Brooks is undoubtedly the star attraction here. She plays Janie, the younger sister of Mame (Evelyn Brent). While Mame is the good, dutiful older sister, Janie is flirtatious and reckless, getting unwisely involved with the wrong men (including her sister’s) and gambling away the money that she was supposed to be safeguarding for their department store’s annual dance. Love 'em and Leave 'em is ably directed by Frank Tuttle and it ends satisfyingly with Evelyn Brent dishing out some physical punishment to the shady Osgood Perkins.

39 - Pink Narcissus (James Bidgood, 1971) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
This is quite a spectacle. Crafted by James Bidgood (although his onscreen credit says Anonymous) over the course of seven years on a budget of $27k, Pink Narcissus is a vibrant homoerotic fantasia that's simultaneously charmingly amateurish and strikingly lush. The title obviously evokes Black Narcissus - a film celebrated for its incredible art direction - and the production and costume design here is extremely impressive, embracing artifice in the way Powell and Pressburger often did, and creating a series of delirious vignettes. There's not much to Pink Narcissus beyond its surface pleasures, and even at the relatively slim running time of 71 minutes it feels a bit one-note and overextended, but the the dreamy hothouse atmosphere that Bidgood concocts is quite captivating, and just when your interest might be starting to wane, the film shocks you into attention with an extreme close-up of a cock ejaculating directly at the camera.

38 - The Quiet Family (Kim Jee-woon, 1998) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
The debut feature by Kim Jee-woon – who soon afterwards found international acclaim with films like A Tale of Two Sisters, The Good, the Bad, the Weird and I Saw the DevilThe Quiet Family is a pitch-black comedy about a family struggling to establish a lodge in the mountains. Their attempts to get this business off the ground aren’t helped by the fact that their guests keep dying, and their attempts to cover up these deaths only results in an ever-increasing number of bodies that need to be disposed of. Kim wears his influences on his sleeve, notably Hitchcock and Scorsese, and he puts together a number of clever, skilfully crafted sequences that blend comedy and violence to startling effect. The ever-excellent Song Kang-ho is the standout performer, with his screams getting more high-pitched as the situation spirals out of control. A few years later, Takashi Miike loosely remade the film as The Happiness of the Katakuris.

37 - The Avenger of Davos (Heinrich Brandt, 1924) – Lumiere-Mastroianni, Bologna, 35mm
An enjoyably twisty drama about a con man attempting to swindle a wealthy industrialist and his daughter, The Avenger of Davos is most notable for being filmed against the backdrop of the 1924 Winter Sports Week, a spin-off from that year’s Summer Olympics that was later recognised by the IOC as "the first Olympic Winter Games". Heinrich Brandt occasionally cuts away from the main narrative to give us glimpses of the bobsleighing, skiing, ice hockey and other sports taking place around Chamonix, and he uses the location in other effective ways too, most notably during chase sequence that climaxes with an exciting set-piece on a moving train.

36 - Stolen Face (Terence Fisher, 1952) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
Made a few years before Vertigo, this fascinating Hammer curio stars Paul Henreid as the arrogant plastic surgeon who believes he can cure criminals of their wicked ways by fixing their facial disfigurement. While on holiday he meets and falls for concert pianist Alice (played by Lizabeth Scott), but when he discovers that she is married, he decides to transform his next subject at Holloway prison into an exact copy of Alice. There’s also an element of Pygmalion here as Dr. Ritter attempts to introduce this kleptomaniac into the high life, but she keeps getting drawn back to her old ways, and her accent never changes, meaning we are treated to the bizarre sight of Lizabeth Scott’s memorably sultry voice being replaced by harsh cockney tones (she was dubbed by Mary Mackenzie). Aside from a rushed ending, Stolen Face is a pretty well-paced and entertaining drama, which was paired on this double-bill with Fisher’s To the Public Danger, another fine discovery.

35 - The Light of Asia (Franz Osten, Himanshu Rai, 1925) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
Adapted from Edwin Arnold’s 1861 poem, this silent film tells the story of Prince Siddhartha Gautama, who founded Buddhism. Played by the film’s co-director Himansu Rai, he renounces his privileged life of wealth and seclusion and becomes a wandering ascetic, finding enlightenment through helping others. As evidenced by the presence of a German co-director, The Light of Asia was intended to repackage this story for European audiences, and the eye is drawn to the beauty of the locations (not to mention the beauty of Seeta Devi), which Osten and his team spent months filming in sweltering conditions. But beneath all of that, there is a very pure tale of faith and redemption here that almost evokes Pasolini’s The Gospel According to Matthew in its moving simplicity.   

34 - Ballet Mécanique (Dudley Murphy, Fernand Léger, 1924) – Cinema Modernissimo, Bologna, 35mm
Made in collaboration with Man Ray, Dudley Murphy and Fernand Léger’s Ballet Mécanique is a startling experiment in film form. Throughout its twenty-minute running time, a series of shapes, photographs and film clips rapidly flash across the screen in a kaleidoscopic frenzy. Through the film’s hectic rhythm, it creates a sense of being trapped inside a machine; perhaps a commentary on our state of being in the modern world, although the film defies easy explanation. It’s a dazzling, mesmerising feat, given an extra burst of energy at this screening by Valentina Magaletti's drum-based live score.

33 - The Scapegoat (Robert Hamer, 1959) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
Alec Guinness shows his brilliance in a variety of ways in this doppelgänger drama, which feels weirdly obscure when you consider it was directed by Robert Hamer, and adapted from the Daphne Du Maurier novel by Gore Vidal. It’s an inconsistent film, which may have something to do with its troubled production history, but Guinness carries it superbly as both the timid schoolteacher on holiday and the underhand French nobleman he gets mistaken for. As well as doing double duty in front of the camera, Guinness often had to steer the ship, as Hamer was losing his battle against alcoholism by this point in his career and was often too drunk to direct. A number of scenes in the film are impressively directed, not least the couple of instances in which Guinness acts against himself, which boast some very impressive trick photography. Bette Davis enlivens a couple of moments with her cranky performance as bedridden Countess.

32 - Lucretia Lombard (Jack Conway, 1923) – Lumiere-Mastroianni, Bologna, 16mm
I saw the first five minutes of Lucretia Lombard last year, when this vintage 16mm print was shown in Bologna, but the projector failed as soon as Norma Shearer appeared – perhaps the excitement generated by seeing Shearer in one of her earliest films was simply too much for the machinery to handle! I was glad they had another go with the print this year as it’s a highly entertaining melodrama, which only gets wilder as it progresses, throwing in some unexpected twist every ten minutes. The finale is a grand spectacle that sees Shearer and Irene Rich fleeing a forest fire and evading bears and wild dogs before trying to survive being swept away by the rapids – it’s a sequence that boasts some pretty impressive miniatures and stuntwork. 

31 - Blood and Sand (Fred Niblo, 1922) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
Seeing Rouben Mamoulian’s Blood and Sand on a nitrate print last year was an extraordinary thrill, and while this earlier silent version can’t quite measure up to the sensory overload of that experience, it’s a fine film, with Rudolph Valentino being very well cast as the matador Gallardo. He shares some particularly strong scenes with Nita Naldi, who vamps up a storm as the seductive Doña Sol. The film was directed by Fred Niblo although Dorothy Arzner was one of the key architects behind its success. She was working on the film as an editor when she suggested cutting stock footage of real bullfights in amongst the close-ups of Valentino, an idea that is credited with saving Paramount a great deal of money as well as bringing an impressive sense of realism to the scenes in the arena.

30 - Twins of Evil (John Hough, 1971) – Prince Charles Cinema, 35mm
I happened to see two John Hough-directed Hammer films on 35mm in the space of a week this year. The Legend of Hell House was a mildly entertaining film, ultimately most notable for the completely insane twist ending, but Twins of Evil is a terrific vampire film. It’s built around a piece of stunt casting, with Madeleine and Mary Collinson being previously best known for being identical twins who posed in Playboy magazine. They give decent performances – especially Mary, who is seduced by Count Karnstein and turns to the dark side – but the real star turn here is from Peter Cushing, who is on magnificent form as the puritanical witch-hunter in whose care these twins have been left. There are some neat trick shots in which the vampires’ lack of a reflection is shown in the mirror, and the craftmanship is impeccable throughout, with the film offering lots of fog-shrouded atmosphere, a dose of gratuitous nudity, and some satisfying beheadings.

29 - An Officer and a Spy (Roman Polanski, 2019) – Phoenix Cinema, Digital
An Officer and a Spy (or J’accuse) was released in France in 2019 to critical acclaim and it earned Roman Polanski the Best Director award at the following year’s Cesars (sparking protests and walkouts), but remarkably, until this event which took place as part of the Jewish Film Festival, the film had never been screened in any English-speaking country. It’s easy to see why – if the idea of distributing Polanski himself isn’t distasteful enough, his suggestion that he identifies with wrongfully persecuted Dreyfus doesn’t help his case – but the film is an absorbing and beautifully crafted retelling of The Dreyfus Affair, which certainly deserves to find an audience. Adapted by Polasnki and Robert Harris from Harris’s novel, An Officer and a Spy begins with the sentencing of Dreyfus (Louis Garrel) for treason but the protagonist is investigator Georges Picquart (Jean Dujardin), who begins to unravel the anti-Semitic case that was built against him. It’s a sober, straightforward piece of storytelling, elevated by the uniformly fine performances, rich period details, and Polanski’s casually excellent direction.

28 - The Scent of Green Papaya (Tran Anh Hung, 1993) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
Tran Anh Hung’s The Taste of Things was one of my favourite new releases in 2024, so I was delighted to have the opportunity to see his debut feature, and I was especially pleased I got to enjoy it on a gorgeous 35mm print. The film’s narrative is a thin one, concerning a young peasant girl who is hired to work for a wealthy family in 1950s Saigon, but as the title suggests, it is sensory pleasures rather than plot details that primarily interest this filmmaker. Brilliantly shot by Benoît Delhomme, the film creates a rich atmosphere that you can practically taste and smell. Tran is so alive to evoking every sensation – the feeling of rain on skin, of papaya juice on the fingers, the breath of a loved one – and the camera is constantly gliding through this house as if hungrily in search of new sights and sounds. It is a wholly intoxicating experience.

27 - Merlusse (Marcel Pagnol, 1935) – Cinema Modernissimo, Bologna - 35mm
Having released The Holdovers in cinemas last year, Alexander Payne was on hand in Bologna to introduce the film that had inspired it. Pagnol’s film is a much more modest offering than Payne’s – running for 72 minutes vs. 133 – but the bones of the story are the same, with the main character being a cranky schoolteacher with a glass eye and a strong odour of fish, forced to spend Christmas supervising the students who have nowhere to go. Pagnol directs with such a deft touch, quickly giving us a sharp sense of these characters, and each scene is an affecting miniature of characterisation, humour and insight. Henri Poupon is terrific as the gruff teacher, and the film’s climactic depiction of kindness and generosity is genuinely touching without the film ever becoming pushily sentimental. 

26 - Silent Sherlock (Maurice Elvey, George Ridgewell, 1921-1923) – Alexandra Palace, Digital
The is the first instalment in a mammoth restoration effort, with the Stoll Pictures Sherlock Holmes collection containing 45 shorts and two features. The three shorts presented at this special screening were A Scandal in Bohemia, The Golden Pince-Nez and The Final Problem, and they demonstrated how well the filmmakers adapted Arthur Conan Doyle’s stories to the two-reeler format, efficiently and entertainingly setting up the mystery, deduction and solution, and judiciously using flashbacks to reveal key details. Holmes is played in these films by Eille Norwood – an actor who won the approval of Conan Doyle himself – and he is a pleasure to watch, especially when Holmes is donning a disguise, something Norwood took evident pleasure in. I can’t wait to enjoy the rest of these films when the BFI has completed this invaluable restoration.

25 - The Wrestler and the Clown (Konstantin Yudin, Boris Barnet, 1957) – Lumiere-Scorsese, Bologna, 35mm
This tribute to the circuses of his youth was a passion project for director Konstantin Yudin, but he died suddenly a few weeks into production. Boris Barnet stepped in to complete the shoot, and the result is a marvellous, heartfelt portrait of lives lived under the big top. The two title characters are the wrestler Poddubny (Stanislav Chekan) – inspired by a real-life professional wrestler – and the clown Durov (Aleksandr Mikhaylov), who meet en route to the circus and become steadfast friends. They share a number of triumphs and tragedies over the years, including a devastating moment involving a trapeze artist. The film unfolds in an episodic fashion but every scene has a vivid sense of spontaneity and life, not just in the atmosphere that Barnet evokes within the circus, but also in the sense of community that we see in Poddubny’s hometown when he quits the circus and returns to the family farm. The use of colour is gorgeous throughout too. A wonderful film. 

24 - Au Secours! (Abel Gance, 1924) – Cinema Modernissimo, Bologna, 35mm
Between his two monumental productions La Roue and Napoléon, Abel Gance found time for this entertaining little Max Linder vehicle. The film arose after Linder dared the director to try and make a film in three days, and a wager is at the heart of this hastily constructed story too, with Linder taking the bet that he can spend one hour in a reputedly haunted castle without calling for help. This the excuse Gance needs to pack the film with as many effects and trick shots as he can muster, as Linder is plagued by spooky mannequins, ghosts and a variety of wild animals who appear out of nowhere. Gance seems to shift the entire dimensions of the frame, and there is the same sheer delight in the delirious possibilities of moviemaking here that you can find in Keaton’s Sherlock, Jr., which was released in the same year. 

23 - The Night (Mohammad Malas, 1992) – Cinema Jolly, Bologna, 35mm
Mohammad Malas’ Dreams of the City was one of my favourite discoveries of 2023, so I was thrilled to have the opportunity to dig deeper into his filmography with a rare screening of The Night. This is a more abstract and elusive picture than Dreams of the City, with Malas blending memories, dreams and fiction to evoke the experience of growing up in Quneitra against the backdrop of growing tensions with Israel. I thought of filmmakers like Terence Davies and Andrei Tarkovsky as I watched The Night, frequently agog at the beauty of the sequences that Malas was crafting. The central narrative thread and emotional core of the picture is harder to grasp than it was in Dreams of the City, but over the course of the film’s running time, the accumulation of images which are clearly drawn from a deeply personal well builds a considerable emotional force.

22 - Mortu Nega (Flora Gomes, 1988) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
Notable for being the first film produced in Guinea-Bissau, Mortu Nega tells the story of the decade-long Guinea-Bissau War of Independence, immediately plunging the viewer into the battle as it follows Diminga (Bia Gomes), who has joined the guerillas to find her husband, an injured soldier on the front lines. The film is gripping and violent in its depiction of these hostilities, but it grows even more interesting when it moves beyond the battle to consider life after independence has been won. The shadow of conflict still hangs over these newly independent people as they attempt to rebuild their lives with meagre supplies, still scarred by the physical and mental injuries they have suffered. Gomes films everything in a very simple and frank manner, to very potent effect.

21 - The Sealed Soil (Marva Nabili, 1977) – Cinema Jolly, Bologna, Digital
Another special discovery from pre-revolution Iran, The Sealed Soil has the added distinction of being one of the few films from this era made by a female director. Shot in a week on 16mm, the film bears a resemblance to the work of Chantal Akerman and Robert Bresson in its stripped-down aesthetic and the way the film’s rhythm is dictated by the mundane routine of its protagonist. We watch as Roo-Bekheir (Flora Shabaviz) cooks and cleans for her family, who live in a poor village somewhere in southern Iran, and slowly a narrative emerges, with her resistance to the marriage that is being forced upon her. The Sealed Soil is a sober, pointed film about the limited choices faced by women in this society, and it achieves a suffocating restrictiveness through Nabili’s austere approach, which is only alleviated in the lyrical sequence when Roo-Bekheir briefly gets away from home and undresses in the rain.

20 - If You Were There... (Lindsay Anderson, 1985) – BFI Southbank, Digital
In 1985 Lindsay Anderson was invited to document WHAM! As they became the first western pop group to tour China since the end of the Cultural Revolution. The experience was an unhappy one for Anderson, who injured his knee and did not enjoy following George Michael and Andrew Ridgley around China, and who later saw his film recut into the more nakedly promotional and celebratory Wham! in China: Foreign Skies. Anderson’s film If You Were There... has been subsequently suppressed, so it was a rare treat to see it screened this year, and to discover that it is a fascinating study of an extraordinary collision of cultures, with Michael and Ridgley almost appearing as aliens in this Communist country slowly emerging from the shadow of Mao. Anderson has some fun with the awkward attempts at diplomacy, but I think his perspective is generally surprisingly affectionate, and there are some great moments of connection captured here between the group and the Chinese youth. This film could only screened with special approval from Ridgley and the George Michael estate, but it deserves to be much more widely appreciated.

19 - Stars in Broad Daylight (Ossama Mohammed, 1988) – Cinema Jolly, Digital
Stars in Broad Daylight was one of the great restoration stories from this year’s Il Cinema Ritrovato. Director Ossama Mohammed had long believed it to be lost, with the Syrian authorities denying even the existence of any film made by this exiled filmmaker, and only the discovery of a print in the archives of a German TV station allowed it to be rescued and restored. An allegorical portrait of life under the Baathist regime, it’s an extraordinary piece of filmmaking. Every shot is bustling with a sense of life and activity, and Mohammed creates so many powerful compositions. Stars in Broad Daylight was immediately banned in Syria following its premiere in 1988, and there’s a pleasing irony in the fact that its rediscovery comes in the same year that Syrians finally saw the possibility of freedom after so many years of Assad’s rule.

18 - Tragic Hunt (Giuseppe De Santis, 1947) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
De Santis is best known for his excellent Bitter Rice, but I was just as taken by his directorial debut Tragic Hunt, which was made in the aftermath of World War II. De Santis liked to blend a neorealist style with classic genre dynamics, and that approach serves his story well here. He uses the camera brilliantly to create tension and dynamism in his frames, but he also makes sure to place the characters in the context of their surroundings, which are still scarred by the recent conflict. The plot involves a group of fascists who are stealing the funds that are supposed to go to a farming collective, and the urgent need of the farmers who are desperately trying to regenerate their lands raises the stakes considerably. A riveting thriller and a illuminating portrait of postwar Italian society.

17 - Petulia (Richard Lester, 1968) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
John Haase, who wrote the novel Petulia was adapted from, loathed what Richard Lester had done to it, but Petulia is a dazzling display of filmmaking technique that gradually unfolds a sad story of cruelty and longing. George C. Scott is the divorced doctor who falls for young socialite Petulia (Julie Christie), whose tiresomely quirky behaviour (“Aren't I a kook?”) covers a deep sadness. Lester tells this story in a nervous, fragmented manner, with Antony Gibbs’ editing cutting back and forwards in time in a manner that may have influenced Nicolas Roeg, who brilliantly shot this film before finally making the leap to becoming a director with Performance. Both Scott and Christie do some beautiful work, gradually revealing layers to characters who initially feel archetypal, and there is fine support from Richard Chamberlain and Joseph Cotton. It’s a remarkable film.

16 - Four in the Morning (Anthony Simmons, 1965) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
Although it may be considered a  typical example of 1960s kitchen realism on first glance, Four in the Morning has a more unusual texture, with Simmons apparently taking inspiration from Antonioni in his story of one night in the lives of two London couples; a young man and a club hostess who consider their relationship as they wander the city in the early morning light, and a young mother frustrated that her husband has taken a drinking buddy home as she tries to get their baby to sleep. Judi Dench received most of the attention for her performance as the wife, winning a BAFTA as Best Newcomer, but Ann Lynn is equally fine, with her slight resemblance to Monica Vitti perhaps adding to the sense of this film as an Antonioni homage. Simmons occasionally cuts into these two narrative threads with a third strand, detailing the recovery and removal of a dead girl from the Thames – these scenes are shot with a striking and unnerving frankness – and the film’s bleak atmosphere is aided by a score from the great John Barry.

15 - Brief Ecstasy (Edmond T. Gréville, 1937) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
The story is a simple and overfamiliar one; in fact, it’s likely to immediately put you in mind of another much more renowned film with Brief in the title from a few years later, as it concerns a woman married to an older man who finds herself tempted into an affair when a handsome younger man enters her life. The twist here is that she already enjoyed a one-night stand with the younger man some years before, and she may have ended up marrying him had cruel fate not intervened. Their initial meeting is expressed with a wonderful sense of imagination and efficiency in a slick montage at the start of the film, and this sequence sets the tone, with Gréville’s directorial flair distinguishing a picture that could have easily been stiff and stagey in another filmmaker’s hands. Almost every scene has some unusual angle, composition or edit that keeps the film feeling slightly off-kilter and surprising, while expressing the roiling emotions felt by the film’s characters.

14 - The Long Absence (Henri Colpi, 1961) – ICA, Digital
In 1961, the Palme d’Or was shared between two films. One was Luis Buñuel’s Viridiana, which is still justly celebrated today, but the other film was The Long Absence, which seems to have been largely forgotten (although not by Akira Kurosawa, who named it as one of his 100 favourite films). This shouldn’t be the case, as it’s a moving drama which contains outstanding performances from Alida Valli and Georges Wilson. Thérèse (Valli) is a café owner who believes that the tramp (Wilson) she sees walking through town is in fact her husband, who never returned from the war and has long been presumed dead, leading her to try and reawaken his memory by sharing and recreating elements of their past lives together. The Long Absence was written by Marguerite Duras, continuing her exploration of memory and trauma in the shadow of war after Hiroshima mon amour, and Colpi directs it with skill and restraint, using careful compositions to let these two excellent actors carry the film, which they do magnificently.

13 - Māyā Miriga (Nirad Mohapatra, 1984) – Cinema Jolly, Bologna, Digital
Nirad Mohapatra’s only feature as a director, an independently produced Odia-language drama, was thought lost for many years, but the astonishing restoration that has been achieved from poor-quality materials reveals a masterful portrait of a a middle-class family over the course of many months. The family patriarch is determined that his children must succeed at their exams, obtain respectable jobs and marry well, regardless of how their own desires align with these ideals. This generational tension is intelligently captured by Mohapatra, and as the dynamics between characters shift in subtle ways, he always knows where to place his camera to maximise the spaces within the house wherein the story takes place. A revelatory discovery from a lesser-known region of Indian cinema.

12 - La Musica (Marguerite Duras and Paul Séban, 1967) – ICA, Digital
The first film on which Marguerite Duras was credited as a director was this adaptation of her stage play, in which a divorced couple (played by Delphine Seyrig and Robert Hossein) meet for the first time in three years. She took a co-director credit because she said she didn’t understand how a film was made and she let Paul Séban take care of the technical details such as lighting and movement of the camera, but so much of the way this film is shot suggests hallmarks of Duras’ later works. I love the way she uses the space around her actors to emphasise the relationship between them and the way they are both haunted by their shared memories, and her use of sound – always a crucial factor for Duras – is already an effective tool here. It’s a mesmerising film, elegantly shot by the great Sacha Vierny and perfectly acted.

11 - Bílý ráj (Karel Lamač, 1924) – Piazzetta Pier Paolo Pasolini, Bologna, 35mm
One of the true highlights of this year’s Il Cinema Ritrovato was seeing this a hand-tinted print of this 100-year-old film screened on the carbon arc projector, which made the image gleam beautifully. Set in “the wild mountain country where people were born with loneliness in their hearts,” Bílý ráj (or White Paradise) the film is the story of an orphan girl living with her curmudgeonly guardian in a remote mountaintop tavern. She fantasises about living in a crystal palace, which she constructs from the tavern’s glasses, much to the owner’s chagrin, and a taste of adventure enters her life when she crosses paths with an escaped convict, who is desperate to get home to his dying mother. The protagonist is played Anny Ondráková, who later found fame abroad as Anny Ondra, and she’s a terrific heroine, but the real star of the movie is the spectacular cinematography, which brilliantly exploits the snowbound location. The film was shot by the great Otto Heller.

10 - Four Steps in the Clouds (Alessandro Blasetti, 1942) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
In Four Steps in the Clouds Alessandro Blasetti brings a neorealist spirit to a delightful comedy of misunderstanding. Travelling salesman Paolo (Gino Cervi) helps a young woman (Adriana Benetti) who doesn’t have a ticket for the train, and soon gets drawn into her complicated life. Having fallen pregnant to a man who quickly abandoned her, Maria needs somebody to pose as her husband for her family to avoid her being kicked out of the house in disgrace. Blasetti strikes a bittersweet comic tone throughout, getting laughs from Paolo’s increasing exasperation at the situation he has become mired in, but also finding poignancy in the possibility of Maria being rejected by her family, and Paolo’s impassioned speech to her father decrying these attitudes gives the film a stirring climax. It was remade in 1995 with Keanu Reeves in the lead role, but I doubt that version is as skilfully crafted and satisfying as this.

9 - Comrades: Almost Love Story (Peter Chan, 1996) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
This romantic melodrama spans years and continents as it charts the relationship between Xiao-Jun (Leon Lai) and Li Qiao (Maggie Cheung), a pair of Chinese immigrants trying to make it in Hong Kong. He’s hopelessly naïve at first while she’s more entrepreneurial, and the pair form a mutually beneficial alliance, which subsequently shifts into an on-off love affair. Peter Chan’s film captures the sense of arriving in the big city feeling hopelessly lost and seeking a connection, and there’s a vital chemistry evident between the two enormously charming lead actors here, with the film suggesting that they are bound by fate as the action moves from Hong Kong to New York, via some wild narrative shifts. It’s an engrossing romance as well as a vibrant portrait of a changing Hong Kong in the 80s and 90s, and best of all it features a cameo from Christopher Doyle who teaches his students key phrases such as "Jump you son of a bitch! Jump!"

8 - The Public Eye (Carol Reed, 1972) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
It’s strange how this film has slipped into obscurity, considering its pedigree: it was written by Peter Schaffer, shot by Christopher Challis, edited by Anne V. Coates, scored by John Barry, and it was the last film directed by the great Carol Reed. It also gave Topol his first role after the enormous success of Fiddler on the Roof, and he’s terrific as the private eye hired by a stuffy English banker (Michael Jayston) to follow the free-spirited young American wife (Mia Farrow) he impulsively married and find out if she’s having an affair. The best sequence in the film is a long wordless stretch that shows Topol following Farrow around London and gradually falling for her – a sequence that has the added benefit of showing off some superb location photography around the city, including a number of cinemas that are no longer with us. The film is an eccentric comedy but it also has real compassion for its characters, and it has a genuine sense of romance in its heart.

7 - The Annihilation of Fish (Charles Burnett, 1999) – Lumiere-Scorsese, Bologna, Digital
Nothing in Charles Burnett’s career has been easy, and he has spent too may years fighting to get his films made and struggling to get them released. The Annihilation of Fish premiered at the 1999 Toronto Film Festival and from there it should have gone on to delight many audiences, but instead it disappeared, when a single negative review in the trade press was apparently enough to sink its distribution chances. It’s a sad fate for a lovely film; an unconventional romance about two lonely and troubled souls finding each other. Fish (James Earl Jones) is constantly beset by an invisible demon he has to wrestle (this leads to a great running visual gag) while Poinsetta (Lynn Redgrave) believes she is engaged to the ghost of Puccini. Their relationship is both funny and tender, and the film becomes a poignant consideration of what it means to find love late in life with so much baggage behind us. Margot Kidder has a fun supporting role as the pair’s equally eccentric landlady.

6 - A Question of Silence (Marleen Gorris, 1982) – ICA, Digital
In A Question of Silence, three ordinary women who do not know each other impulsively kill a man who none of them have any connection to. After the trio is arrested without protest, the perplexed authorities bring in a criminal psychiatrist to examine them and adjudicate whether they are sane enough to stand trial. Through flashbacks, Gorris reveals details of the three women’s lives. There is no single trigger to drive them to murder, but we can see the stifling quality of lives lived in this patriarchal society is gradually chipping away at their souls, and through the experience of meeting these women, the psychiatrist begins to question her own comfortable middle-class life with her husband. Gorris directs A Question of Silence with a cool, clinical style that makes the film brilliantly unnerving, and the ending is brilliant, with the women’s laughter resonating long after the credits have rolled.

5 - The Children Are Watching Us (Vittorio De Sica, 1944) – BFI Southbank, 35mm
Alongside Shoeshine and Bicycle Thieves, this film is further proof that Vittorio De Sica had a special knack for drawing wonderful performances out of child actors. The Children Are Watching Us is the story of a marriage that begins to crumble following the mother’s affair, but as these scenes of adult strife ply out, young Pricò (Luciano De Ambrosis) is always sitting unnoticed in the nearby, observing this behaviour, and none of the adults seem to know or understand the effect that they are having on him. De Sica creates scenes that are full of truth and rich in emotional texture, and he knows exactly the right moment to utilise his young lead’s big, sad eyes for maximum impact in a piercing close-up. The ending is absolutely devastating.

4 - Rouge (Stanley Kwan, 1987) – ICA, 35mm
There are two stories being told in Stanley Kwan ‘s Rouge. The first is set in a Brothel in the 1930s, where a courtesan named Fleur (Anita Mui) fell in love with the playboy scion of a wealthy family (Leslie Cheung), and with their relationship proving to be impossible in the real world, the pair committed suicide to be together forever in the afterlife. The second story takes place in Hong Kong in 1987, where Fleur’s ghost continues to wander the streets, searching for the lover who failed to join her on the other side. This fantastical premise is handled with such delicacy and wit by Kwan, who shifts between time periods and balances the melancholic nature of his doomed romance with some nicely played bits of comedy through Fleur’s communication with a newspaper reporter and his girlfriend in the modern world. It’s a breathtakingly gorgeous picture – cinematographer Bill Wong’s use of colour is sublime – and Anita Mui’s lead performance is astonishing.

3 - City for Conquest (Anatole Litvak, 1940) – Cinema Jolly, Bologna, 35mm
City for Conquest is a New York-set boxing movie starring James Cagney and shot by James Wong Howe, a combination that seemed so squarely up my street it was inexplicable to me that I had never even heard of it. Cagney plays the boxer who reluctantly keeps fighting so he can raise money to help his brother write his symphony, while his girlfriend Ann Sheridan wants to make it as a dancer, but falls into the shady hands of impresario Anthony Quinn. New York is presented as a city of dreamers, but one where these dreamers having to sell a part of themselves to make the big time, and it builds to an extremely moving finale, where the tragedy of Cagney’s character is set against the backdrop of his brother’s success, which his sacrifice facilitated. This is one of Cagney’s greatest performances; his refusal to soften his character into sentimentality or beg for audience sympathy makes his plight even more wrenching.

2 - The Naked Face of Night (Kōzaburō Yoshimura, 1958) – Cinema Jolly, Bologna, 35mm
This year’s Il Cinema Ritrovato programme featured a retrospective dedicated to Kōzaburō Yoshimura, whose work has rarely been seen outside of Japan. He was revealed as a directors whose attention to the plight of women in Japanese society earned him comparisons with Mizoguchi – in fact, the excellent satire Osaka Monogatari was directed by Yoshimura after Mizoguchi died during pre-production. This focus on women is central to his magnificent melodrama The Naked Face of Night, scripted by his regular collaborator Kaneto Shindo who said, “What I’m interested in are money, power, bluffing, lewdness, and naked human statues that dance with excitement.” There are echoes of All About Eve in its tale of a dancer who eclipses her mentor, only to find her own star status eventually threatened by her young disciple, in what the film presents as an endless cycle of ambition and treachery.

1 - By the Law (Lev Kuleshov, 1926) – Barbican, 35mm
A year after Chaplin’s The Gold Rush, Kuleshov took a prospecting adventure into much darker territory with this Jack London adaptation. Shot on a low budget with a small cast and mostly taking place inside a single log cabin, By the Law is an intense chamber piece about a husband and wife holding captive the man who has murdered two of their colleagues. They must determine whether to enact justice themselves or hold him until they can turn him over to the authorities, with portrait of Queen Victoria on the wall being a constant reminder of civilisation and the ‘proper’ way things should be done. After a terrible storm, the river bursts its banks and these three characters are left strands on a small island as the flood waters rise around them, striving to hold onto their moral compass and their sanity while battling the elements. Kuleshov generates an extraordinary intensity in this film through his editing and composition, and especially through the way he shoots his actors – Aleksandra Khokhlova, in particular, has an extraordinarily expressive face that receives some unforgettable close-ups. This unsparing study of humanity features a series of nightmarish images towards the end, as it considers the toll that these characters’ actions is going to take on their soul. It is a stunning piece of filmmaking.